Definitely. I usually work with two or three layers of patterns and then set the layers to multiply, overlay or grain. For the sword I believe I started with some wood patterns, played with the hue slider, made a new layer from visible and used the smudge tool to make the background less distinct.
My current favorite way to start wrapping up a project is to create a new layer from visible, apply a gaussian blur so that the areas of light and shadow flow better, then play around with the transparency and other layer effects so that the base detail of the previous layers show through