they both stayed under one name after duplication ? How can a make the second one a separate item in the list
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You copied (d duplicated) them in edit mode!
In edit mode select a part of the pillar, press lowercase L for linked selection.
The whole pillar is selected.
Then press ‘p’ and choose separate from the list, to separate the mesh from this edited object.
Leave edit mode, now you have two pillar objects.
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Be aware that your PIVOT ORIGIN point (orange dot) has change in one of the objects.
Use main menu > Object > Set Origin > Origin to geomery
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@FedPete’s solution would definitely work.
That said, perhaps I’m missing something, @FedPete, but wouldn’t it be even more intuitive to switch over to Object Mode and then duplicate?
Either way… it look me a little while to get used to this at first, too, but it’s useful to think of Edit Mode as an isolated sandbox for a single mesh. Anything you do – including adding more mesh objects – will still be contained to the data of the mesh sandbox that you’re playing in 
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Just to clarify a little, @FedPete’s solution is how you fix this problem as it is right now, and @CypherPoet’s solution is how you avoid the problem in future. Both approaches work =)
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Select all of one pillar, mouse over it and press L.
Then Press P to sePerate it into a new object, (goes in the outliner list) FedPete’s way.
However! As CypherPoet mentions it will retain a duplicated origin point the same as the one it had i the original object. You can reposition it.
It is probably quicker and easier to delete the copy you have currently Select the same way and X delete.
Then in Object mode make a new object by duplicating that.
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