I removed some tiles from the Foreground layer, and there were green collider outlines left over. (And they did indeed make for invisible obstacles). I couldn’t find a way to erase them, but I unchecked and re-checked the box on the Tilemap Collider2D, “Used by composite”. That seemed to let it recalculate the colliders on individual tiles.
Now I can’t recreate it, of course, but I got a screen grab for you all